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Hello and welcome to this edition of the EMJ Oncologyand EMJ Hematology newsletter. As always we have included details on influential upcoming events in oncology and haematology, and we have also been able to report on some of the most exciting developments in the fields; these include new agents for the treatment of traumatic injury, as well as novel computer algorithms to aid cancer localisation. One of the most prestigious events penned for January is the EACR Conference Series 2016 in Brussels, Belgium; this will be the latest in a line of excellent EACR conferences, which will bring together scientists and clinicians to cover a broad range of hot topics in the field of oncology. If you enjoy reading this newsletter, be sure to read our newly-published November edition of EMJ Oncology, now available to read on our website, which reports on some of the most stimulating findings from the latest European Cancer Congress in Vienna, Austria.
Articles
M. Pinkawa
Definitive radiation therapy is a well-recognised curative treatment option for localised prostate cancer. A suitable technique, dose, target volume, and the option of a combination with androgen deprivation therapy needs to be considered. An optimal standard external beam radiotherapy includes currently the intensity-modulated and image-guided radiotherapy techniques with total doses of ≥76-78 Gy in conventional fractionation. Data from several randomised studies increasingly support the rationale for hypofractionated radiotherapy. A simultaneous integrated boost with dose escalation focused on a computed tomography/positron emission tomography or magnetic resonance imaging/magnetic resonance spectroscopy detected malignant lesion is an option to increase tumour control with potentially no additional toxicity. The application of a spacer is a promising concept for optimal protection of the rectal wall.
Alloimmune Thrombocytopaenic Disorders: A Review
S. Delicou, M. Bellia
Alloimmune thrombocytopaenia (AIT) is caused by alloantibodies against specific platelet glycoproteins. Alloimmune thrombocytopaenic disorders include alloimmune neonatal thrombocytopaenia, posttransfusion purpura, refractoriness to platelet transfusions, passive AIT, and transplantation-associated AIT. In this review we have summarised five thrombocytopaenic syndromes caused by platelet-reactive alloantibodies. Increased awareness of these syndromes, together with the greater availability of highly specialised laboratory methods to detect and to characterise platelet-reactive alloantibodies, will lead to their more frequent diagnosis.
Checkpoint Blockade in Cancer Immunotherapy: Squaring the Circle
M. A. V. Marzolini et al.
Manipulating the complex interaction between the immune system and tumour cells has been the focus of cancer research for many years, but it is only in the past decade that significant progress has been made in the field of cancer immunotherapy resulting in clinically effective treatments. The blockade of co-inhibitory immune checkpoints, essential for maintaining lymphocyte homeostasis and self-tolerance, by immunomodulatory monoclonal antibodies has resulted in the augmentation of anti-tumour responses. The greatest successes so far have been seen with the blockade of cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4, which has resulted in the first Phase III clinical trial showing an overall survival benefit in metastatic melanoma, and in the blockade of the programmed cell death protein-1 axis. This concise review will focus on the clinical advances made by the blockade of these two pathways and their role in current cancer treatment strategies.
News Updates
Self-Propelled Microparticles Designed to Stop Bleeding
“The area we are really focussing on is postpartum haemorrhage: in the uterus, after childbirth…you cannot see the damaged vessels but you can put the powder into that area and the particles can propel and find those damaged vessels.”
Revolutionary Computer Program Diagnoses Cancer in 2 Days
“We are very pleased that we can now use the same sequencing data together with our new algorithms to provide a much faster diagnosis for cancer cases that are difficult to diagnose, and to provide a useful diagnosis in cases which are currently impossible to diagnose.”
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What’s Happening in EMJ:Oncology/Hematology
Earlier this year we published the March edition of EMJ Oncology, which features an outstanding array of peer reviewed manuscripts that cover significant areas in the field, such as the management of gynaecological cancers and new therapies for leukaemias and lymphomas. For the latest news in haematology and a comprehensive review of the 20th Congress of European Hematology Association, feel free to read the July edition of EMJ Hematology, available on our website. We are also hard at work on the first 2016 edition of EMJ Hematology, and this will also include high quality reviews of hot topics within haematology. If you are interested in submitting an article to us, joining our esteemed editorial board, or contributing a blog to the EMJ website, please do get in touch at editor@emjreviews.com.
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