PRESS RELEASE
Reporting of adverse events in targeted therapy and immunotherapy trials is “suboptimal”
LUGANO-COPENHAGEN, 5 October, 2016 – A significant number of trials of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in recent years show suboptimal reporting of adverse events, particularly the reporting of recurrent or late toxicities and the duration of the adverse events, researchers have told the ESMO 2016 Congress in Copenhagen.
“Reporting adverse events from clinical trials with new agents is a crucial point, as this will inform physicians and patients regarding the safety profile of that drug and what to expect when starting this therapy in a new patient in everyday clinical practice,” said principal investigator Dr Paolo Bossi, from the Head & Neck Unit at the Fondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan.
In this study, researchers reviewed publications from 81 trials of targeted therapies and immunotherapies approved by the US Food and Drug Administration between 2000-2015 for solid malignancies in adult patients. Each publication was assessed according to a 24-point score card based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidance.
More than 90% of trials scored poorly in their reporting of recurrent and late toxicities, and in reporting the duration of adverse events; 86% of trials did not adequately report on the time of the adverse event occurrence; and 75% of trials only reported on adverse events that occurred at a frequency above a fixed threshold.
More than half of the analysed papers showed limitations in the method for presenting adverse events, in describing the toxicities leading to therapy withdrawal, and in the follow-up interval assessment, while dose reductions due to adverse events were not reported in one-third of trials.
“Toxicities of targeted agents and immunotherapy are obviously different from the toxicities we are used to observing and treating due to chemotherapy, and there are some aspects of the toxicities of these newer agents that we are not so well informed about,” Dr Bossi said.
He highlighted the issue of duration of an adverse event – the so-called ‘third axis’ (the other being severity and frequency) in the evaluation of toxicities – which is not regularly considered with a new drug comes to market.
Dr Bossi said that it was encouraging to see a trend towards improved adverse event reporting in recent years. Moreover, there are new instruments available that can help physicians to improve the quality of adverse event reporting and help them discuss potential toxicities with their patients.
“The most important and innovative one is the PRO-CTCAE form, which is the patient-reported outcome version of the common toxicity criteria of adverse events, and which will allow physicians to collect the symptoms as reported by the patients, considering also the severity, intensity and influence of the symptoms on their quality of life.”
Commenting on the study, Dr Nathan Cherny from the Shaare Zedek Medical Center in Jerusalem, said, “it ought to be remembered that there is pre-existing evidence that toxicity reporting based upon clinician reports, rather than patient reported data, consistently leads to underreporting of adverse events and the severity of those events.”
“These findings lend further support to the proposal to radically re-evaluate the collection and reporting of adverse event data to give weighting to patient-reported data,” Dr Cherny said.
He concluded: “It is worth noting however, that the published reports of studies represent a summary of a dataset that may not necessarily represent the full data set submitted to licensing authorities for purposes of drug approval and registration.”
-END-
Notes to Editors
References
1 Abstract 320 P ‘Systematic review of adverse events reporting in clinical trials leading to approval of targeted therapy and immunotherapy’ will be presented by Dr. Paolo Bossi during Poster Session on Clinical trials methodology on 10 October 2016 from 13:00 - 14:00 (CEST), Hall E
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Abstract for 320P
Systematic review of adverse events reporting in clinical trials leading to approval of targeted therapy and immunotherapy. P. Bossi (Milano, Italy) L. Botta (Milano, Italy) P. Bironzo (Orbassano, Italy) C. Sonetto (Orbassano, Italy) G. Musettini (Pisa, Italy) A. Sbrana (Pisa, Italy) V. Di Giannantonio (Milano, Italy) L. Locati (Milano, Italy) M. Di Maio (Torino, Italy) A. Antonuzzo (Pisa, Italy)
Background
Reporting toxicities of targeted therapies (TTs) and immunotherapy in oncology requires care in respect to way of measurement, duration of adverse events (AEs) and impact on treatment dose intensity.
New drugs are approved by regulatory agencies on the basis of the safety and efficacy results deriving from pivotal trials, but the impact on broader use is often misunderstood.
Methods
We identified the TTs and immunotherapies approved by FDA for solid malignancies in adult patients from 2000 to Oct 2015. The trials which led to this indication were retrieved from the FDA website.
Publications were reviewed according to a 24-point score based on the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) guidance.
Results
We identified 81 trials, mainly performed in colorectal, lung, breast cancer and melanoma, globally involving more than 45.000 patients. The experimental drug was studied as single agent in 51% of the cases and associated with chemotherapy in 32%; setting of trials was mainly the treatment of advanced disease (95% of the trials).
When specified, the median rate of elderly population (> 65 years) who were treated was 37%.
The items that reported the higher proportion of trials with a low score in AEs description are the following: reporting recurrent and late toxicities and duration of the AEs (in more than 90% of the trials); description of time of occurrence (86% of the trials) and indication of all AEs, instead of only those occurred with a frequency above a fixed threshold (75% of the trials) Limitations in methods for presenting AEs, in description of the toxicities leading to therapy withdrawal and in follow up interval assessment were present in more than 50% of the analysed papers. Dose reductions due to AEs were not reported in 1 out of 3 trials.
Conclusions
Suboptimal reporting of AEs in trials leading to approval of TTs and immunotherapy was shown. Improving AEs caption and description should be a priority in ongoing trials as well as post-marketing safety analysis. This is particularly true for AEs of new drugs, frequently mild or moderate in severity but potentially longer in duration and recurrent, with a clear impact on patients' quality of life.
Clinical trial identification
Legal entity responsible for the study
Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
Funding
None
Disclosure
All authors have declared no conflicts of interest.